Development of Sustainability Reporting Framework for Live Below Water: The Case of Indonesia and Malaysia
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Abstract
This study examines and compares sustainability reporting frameworks related to marine life conservation in Indonesia and Malaysia, two countries with rich marine biodiversity and significant maritime industries. Both nations face unique environmental challenges, such as coral reef degradation, overfishing, and pollution, which threaten marine ecosystems. The research focuses on the effectiveness of sustainability reporting practices in the two countries by analyzing their approaches within the framework of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 14 (SDG 14) - "Life Below Water." Through a comparative analysis of corporate and governmental sustainability reports, this study identifies common practices, reporting standards, and regulatory frameworks used in each country. The findings reveal key differences in transparency, stakeholder engagement, and adherence to international standards like the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). The study highlights best practices and offers recommendations for enhancing sustainability reporting to better support marine conservation goals. This research contributes to the discourse on sustainability practices in Southeast Asia and suggests improvements to reporting mechanisms that could support effective policy and promote sustainable use of marine resources. The insights gained from this study aim to foster stronger regional cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia for the protection and preservation of marine ecosystems.
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